\u9996\u5148\u5f97\u77e5\u9053\u662f \u6c61\u6c34\u7684\u7c7b\u578b \u751f\u6d3b\u6c61\u6c34 \u8fd8\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6c34\u00a0\u00a0\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u81f4\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a
\n\u7269\u7406\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u79bb\u6c61\u6c34\u4e2d\u5448\u60ac\u6d6e\u56fa\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u683c\u6805\u622a\u7559\u6cd5\u3001\u6c89\u6dc0\u6cd5\u3001\u6c14\u6d6e\u6cd5\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002 \uf0d8 \u5316\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u79bb\u56de\u6536\u6c61\u6c34\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u60ac\u6d6e\u7269\u3001\u80f6\u4f53\u548c\u6eb6\u89e3\u7269\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6c34\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4e2d\u548c\u3001\u6df7\u51dd\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u6c7d\u63d0\u3001\u8403\u53d6\u3001\u5438\u9644\u548c\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\uf0d8 \u751f\u7269\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u6c61\u6c34\u4e2d\u5448\u6eb6\u89e3\u3001\u80f6\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65e0\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u597d\u6c27\u6cd5\u548c\u538c\u6c27\u6cd5\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u597d\u6c27\u6cd5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u57ce\u5e02\u6c61\u6c34\u53ca\u6709\u673a\u6027\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u538c\u6c27\u6cd5\u5219\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u6c34\u4e0e\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c61\u6ce5\u3002 \uf0d8 \u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u6cd5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5904\u7406\u6cd5 \u7269\u7406\u6cd5\uff1a\u6c14\u6d6e\u3001\u7d6e\u51dd\u3001\u8d85\u6ee4\u3001\u5438\u9644\u7b49 \u5316\u5b66\u6cd5\uff1a\u6df7\u51dd\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\uff1a\u6d3b\u6027\u6c61\u6ce5\u5904\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u819c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u751f\u5316\u5858\u3001\u751f\u6001\u6e7f\u5730\u7b49 \u9884\u5904\u7406\uff08\u4e00\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\uff09—–\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5904\u7406——\u4e09\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\uff08\u6df1\u5ea6\u5904\u7406\uff09 \uf0d8 \u6c14\u6d6e\u5904\u7406\uff0cSBR\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6c34\u89e3\u9178\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0cBAF\u5904\u7406\uff0cA\/O\u7b49\u7b49 \uf0d8 \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7269\u5316\u6cd5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6cd5\uff1a
\n\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u6c34\u6e90\u5185\u4e4b\u60ac\u6d6e\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u80f6\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u6e05\u9664\u4e7e\u51c0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u900f\u6790\u7528\u6c34\u5176\u5b83\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u819c\u9020\u6210\u7834\u574f\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u6c34\u8def\u7684\u963b\u585e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u4e14\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u6c34\u7eaf\u5316\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7ba1\u8def\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u591a\u52a0\u5165\u51e0\u4e2a\u6ee4\u5668(filter)\u4ee5\u6e05\u9664\u4f53\u79ef\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u3002\u6ee4\u8fc7\u60ac\u6d6e\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6ee4\u5668\u79cd\u7c7b\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u72b6\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u6c99\u72b6\u6ee4\u5668(\u5982\u77f3\u82f1\u6c99\u7b49)\u6216\u819c\u72b6\u6ee4\u5668\u7b49\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u9897\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\u5927\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b54\u6d1e\u4e4b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u6321\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5bf9\u65bc\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u62e6\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ee4\u5668\u592a\u4e45\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u6362\u6216\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u5806\u79ef\u5728\u6ee4\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u5219\u6c34\u6d41\u91cf\u53ca\u6c34\u538b\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5165\u6c34\u538b\u4e0e\u51fa\u6c34\u538b\u5dee\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6ee4\u5668\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6ee4\u5668\u8981\u5b9a\u65f6\u9006\u51b2\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5806\u79ef\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u6742\u8d28\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u66f4\u6362\u6ee4\u5668\u3002
\n\u6c89\u6dc0\u7269\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6cd5\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u963b\u62e6\u800c\u5806\u79ef\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28 \u9762\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u7ec6\u83cc\u5728\u6b64\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u6bd2\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u901a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u70ed\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u66f4\u6362\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u8fdb\u6c34\u4e0e\u51fa\u6c34\u7684\u538b\u529b\u843d\u5dee\u5347\u9ad8\u8fbe\u5230\u539f\u5148\u7684\u4e94\u500d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6362\u6389\u6ee4\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u786c\u6c34\u8f6f\u5316\u6cd5:
\n\u786c\u6c34\u7684\u8f6f\u5316\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5229\u7528\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u4ee5\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u6765\u4ea4\u6362\u786c\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u9499\u4e0e\u9541\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c*\u6b64\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u6c34\u6e90\u5185\u4e4b\u9499\u9541\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u8f6f\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:
\nCa2++2Na-EX\u2192Ca-EX2+2Na+1\u00a0\u00a0Mg2++2Na-EX\u2192Mg-EX2+2Na+1\u00a0 \u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684EX\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86Ca2+\u53caMg2+\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u542b\u5728\u5176\u5185\u7684Na+\u79bb\u5b50\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\n\u73b0\u5728\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u4e3a\u7403\u72b6\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6709\u673a\u7269\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u3002\u6811\u8102\u57fa\u8d28(resin matrix)\u5185\u85cf\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u5728\u786c\u6c34\u8f6f\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5219\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u7684\u8f6f\u5316\u6548\u679c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u8fd8\u539f(regeneration)\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u9694\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u76d0\u6c34\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f10%\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:\u00a0\u00a0Ca-EX2+2Na+ (\u6d53\u76d0\u6c34)\u2192 2Na-EX+Ca2+\u00a0\u00a0Mg-EX2+2Na+ (\u6d53\u76d0\u6c34)\u2192 2Na-EX+Mg2+\u00a0 \u5982\u679c\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u8f6f\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u819c\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6709\u9499\u9541\u4f53\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u4ee5\u81f4\u964d\u4f4e\u529f\u6548\u751a\u81f3\u7834\u574f\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u819c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u75c5\u4eba\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u786c\u6c34\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u3002\u786c\u6c34\u8f6f\u5316\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7ec6\u83cc\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u6709\u9006\u51b2\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u5c31\u8981\u9006\u51b2\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u592a\u591a\u6742\u8d28\u5438\u9644\u5176\u4e0a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u662f\u9ad8\u8840\u94a0\u75c7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u900f\u6790\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u8f6f\u5316\u4e0e\u518d\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f*\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u6765\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd8\u539f\u4f5c\u7528\u5927\u591a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u534a\u591c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f*\u9600\u95e8\u5728\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u76d0\u6c34\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d8c\u8fdb\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u9020\u6210\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u8840\u94a0\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3:
\n\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u662f\u7531\u6728\u5934\uff0c\u6b8b\u6728\u5c51\uff0c\u6c34\u679c\u6838\uff0c\u6930\u5b50\u58f3\uff0c\u7164\u70ad\u6216\u77f3\u6cb9\u5e95\u6e23\u7b49\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u4e7e\u998f\u70ad\u5316\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5236\u6210\u540e\u8fd8\u9700\u4ee5\u70ed\u7a7a\u6c14\u6216\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u52a0\u4ee5\u6d3b\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u6c2f\u4e0e\u6c2f\u6c28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u572860\u5230300\u9053\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5448\u9897\u7c92\u72b6\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u591a\u5b54\u7684\uff0c\u5b54\u5185\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7ea61Onm~lA\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6bdb\u7ec6\u7ba1,1g\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u9ad8\u8fbe700-1400m2\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bdb\u7ec6\u7ba1\u5185\u8868\u9762\u53ca\u9897\u7c92\u8868\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u5438\u9644\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5f71\u54cd\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u6e05\u9664\u6709\u673a\u7269\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5b54\u6d1e\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u6781\u6027(Polarity)\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981*\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6392\u9664\u6742\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\u8fbe\u9971\u5408\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5438\u9644\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u5c31\u4f1a\u6389\u843d\u4e0b\u6765\u6c61\u67d3\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u65f6\u5229\u7528\u9006\u51b2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6e05\u9664\u5438\u9644\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u6ee4\u5668\u5982\u679c\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6d4b\u5b9a\u8fdb\u6c34\u53ca\u51fa\u6c34\u7684TOC\u6d53\u5ea6\u5dee(\u6216\u7ec6\u83cc\u6570\u91cf\u5dee)\u662f\u8003\u91cf\u66f4\u6362\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u819c\u5bf9\u6c2f\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c2f\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u88ab\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u5438\u9644\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u4e0a\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u5438\u9644\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u5bb9\u6613\u7e41\u6b96\u6ecb\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u65bc\u5206\u5b50\u8f83\u5927\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u7684\u529f\u6548\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b*\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u819c\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8865\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u53bb\u79bb\u5b50\u6cd5:
\n\u53bb\u79bb\u5b50\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u79bb\u5b50\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u4e0e\u786c\u6c34\u8f6f\u5316\u5668\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5229\u7528\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u8fd9 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u6811\u8102-\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u4e0e\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u3002\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u5229\u7528\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50(H+)\u6765\u4ea4\u6362\u9633\u79bb\u5b50;\u800c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u5219\u5229\u7528\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50(OH-)\u6765\u4ea4\u6362\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u6027\u6c34\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:
\nM+x+xH-Re\u2192M-M-Rex+xH+1\u00a0\u00a0A-z+zOH-Re\u2192A-Rez+zOH-1
\n\u4e0a\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7684M+x\u8868\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0cx\u8868\u7535\u4ef7\u6570\uff0cM+x\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6811\u8102\u4e0aH-Re\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\uff0cA-z\u5219\u8868\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\uff0cz\u8868\u7535\u4ef7\u6570\uff0cA-z\u4e0e\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51faOH-\u79bb\u5b50\u3002H+\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0eOH-\u79bb\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\u5373\u6210\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u6c34\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6811\u8102\u4e4b\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\u8017\u5c3d\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u9178\u6765\u8fd8\u539f;\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u78b1\u6765\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5438\u9644\u529b\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b:
\nBa2+>Pb2+>Sr2+>Ca2+>Ni2+>Cd2+>CU2+>Co2+>Zn2+>Mg2+>Ag1+>Cs1+>K1+>NH41+>Na1+>H1+\u00a0\u00a0\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u4e0e\u5404\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u4eb2\u5408\u529b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5982\u4e0b:\u00a0\u00a0S02-4+>I->NO3->NO2->Cl->HCO3->OH->F-\u00a0 \u5982\u679c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u6d88\u8017\u6b86\u5c3d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5219\u5438\u9644\u529b\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u6c1f\u5c31\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u900f\u6790\u7528\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8f6f\u9aa8\u75c5\uff0c\u9aa8\u8d28\u758f\u677e\u75c7\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u9aa8\u75c5\u53d8;\u5982\u679c\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u6d88\u8017\u5c3d\u4e86\uff0c\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u900f\u6790\u7528\u6c34\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6c34\u8d28\u9178\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53bb\u79bb\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5e38\u76d1\u89c6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f*\u6c34\u8d28\u7684\u7535\u963b\u7cfb\u6570(resistivity)\u6216\u4f20\u5bfc\u5ea6(conductivity)\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u53bb\u79bb\u5b50\u6cd5\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6811\u8102\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u5f15\u8d77\u83cc\u8840\u75c7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u6cd5:
\n\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u70ed\u539f\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u9897\u7c92\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u6790\u7528\u6c34\u4e4b\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3”\u9006\u6e17\u900f”\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u89e3\u91ca”\u6e17\u900f(osmosis)\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6e17\u900f\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u534a\u900f\u819c\u9694\u5f00\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6eb6\u8d28\u4e0d\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u534a\u900f\u819c\uff0c\u5219\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u534a\u900f\u819c\u5230\u8fbe\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e24\u4fa7\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9010\u6e10\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5219\u524d\u8ff0\u4e4b\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u538b\u529b\u53eb\u4f5c “\u6e17\u900f\u538b (osmotic pressure)”\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5927\u65bc\u6e17\u900f\u538b\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u6c34\u4efd\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u4f1a\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\u6d41\u5411\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u53eb\u4f5c”\u9006\u6e17\u900f”\u3002\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u7eaf\u5316\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u65bc\u5355\u4ef7\u79bb\u4e8e(monovalent ions)\u7684\u6392\u9664\u7387(rejection rate)\u53ef\u8fbe90%-98%\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50(divalent ions)\u53ef\u8fbe95%-99%\u5de6\u53f3(\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5927\u65bc200\u9053\u5c14\u6566\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u901a\u8fc7)\u3002
\n\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u534a\u900f\u819c\u6750\u8d28\u6709\u7ea4\u7ef4\u8d28\u819c(cellulosic)\uff0c\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u805a\u915d\u80fa\u7c7b(aromatic polyamides)\uff0cpolyimide\u6216polyfuranes\u7b49\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u72b6\u6709\u87ba\u65cb\u578b(spiral wound)\uff0c\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7ea4\u7ef4\u578b(hollow fiber)\u53ca\u7ba1\u72b6\u578b(tubular)\u7b49\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u8d28\u4e2d\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u819c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u8010\u6c2f\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b(pH \u22658.0)\u6216\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u4f1a\u7f29\u77ed\u3002polyamide\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u6c2f\u53ca\u6c2f\u6c28\u4e4b\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u5dee\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u91c7\u7528\u90a3\u4e00\u79cd\u6750\u8d28\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u5219\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u597d\u524d\u7f6e\u5904\u7406\u5219\u6e17\u900f\u819c\u4e0a\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u6c61\u7269\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9499\uff0c\u9541\uff0c\u94c1\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e0b\u964d;\u6709\u4e9b\u819c(\u5982polyamide)\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6c2f\u4e0e\u6c2f\u6c28\u6240\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u819c\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u78b3\u53ca\u8f6f\u5316\u5668\u7b49\u524d\u7f6e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u867d\u7136\u4ef7\u94b1\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u9006\u6e17\u900f\u819c\u7684\u5b54\u5f84\u7ea6\u5728l0A\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ca\u70ed\u539f\u751a\u81f3\u5404\u79cd\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u79bb\u5b50\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u8840\u6db2\u900f\u6790\u6790\u91ca\u7528\u6c34\u6700\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u8fd9\u4e00\u9053\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u8d85\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6cd5:
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